{"id":371,"date":"2025-11-25T15:29:15","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T15:29:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/?p=371"},"modified":"2025-11-19T16:40:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T16:40:21","slug":"bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/","title":{"rendered":"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

My Love for Bologna Wouldn\u2019t Let Me Stop Writing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

After finishing my blog about the Two Towers,
I thought I had finally told my Bologna story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But if you live in Bologna long enough,
you realize the city isn\u2019t made of buildings \u2014
it\u2019s made of layers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And there was one layer I walked under almost every day:
the portici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forty kilometers of continuous arches,
the longest covered walkway system in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They were the first thing that made me feel
like Bologna itself was guiding my steps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Bologna Portici<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

World’s Longest Continuous Portici<\/strong> – San Luca<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Among all its porticoes,
one is not merely architecture \u2014
it is ritual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Portico di San Luca<\/strong>,
with 666 arches<\/strong>,
stretching from the city to the hilltop Santuario della Madonna di San Luca.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Portico di San Luca<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

A continuous stone spine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A structural rhythm you walk<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A continuous structural system
that runs through the city like arteries under skin. With San Luca being the vena cava. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As you climb, you pass the 15 \u201cMisteri del Rosario\u201d chapels<\/strong>,
each representing a stage from the life of Jesus and Mary \u2014
joyful, sorrowful, and glorious mysteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The chapels are placed not as decoration,
but as structural breaks<\/strong>,
interrupting and redistributing the lateral thrust of the vaults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is what makes the San Luca portico so brilliant:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is half pilgrimage,
half engineering strategy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

And walking it as a civil engineering student
feels like reading a 4 km textbook carved in brick.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All together, Bologna\u2019s portici stretch for 65 kilometers \u2014
the longest covered walkway system on Earth.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s no surprise that in 2021<\/strong>,
UNESCO<\/strong> finally gave the portici what they deserved<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Sanctuary – Madonna San Luca<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"
Sancturio Madonna San Luca<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"
Inside the Sanctuary of San Luca<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

What These Arches Really Teach \u2014 The Mechanics Behind the Beauty<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Every portico in Bologna, including San Luca,
is a living demonstration of classical structural mechanics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here\u2019s what I learned \u2014
not in class,
but by walking under 40 km of vaults:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. Masonry Vaults Are Pure Compression Machines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The arches stand because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • gravity pushes down<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • masonry pushes sideways<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • the thrust line stays inside the material (theoretical line of compressive forces within arch)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    If the thrust line strays outside the geometry \u2192 collapse.
    If it remains inside \u2192 stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Walking under Bologna\u2019s porticoes is like walking under hundreds of perfect thrust lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"
    Line of thrust must stay within the arch for stability.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    2. The Portico Is a Single Continuous Structural System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Most people think each arch is independent.
    Wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The arches are interlocked<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • one pushes<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • the next resists<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • the thrust travels horizontally<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • the columns transmit load vertically<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      This creates a force chain<\/strong> across kilometers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      In engineering terms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n

      The portico behaves like a giant, distributed load-sharing system.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      3. The San Luca Portico Uses the Hill as a Structural Partner<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      As the portico climbs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • the slope increases<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • the horizontal thrust grows<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • the columns shorten<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • the vault geometry changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
        \n
        \"\"
        Mechanism of force interaction within a Groin vault.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

        To keep stability, the architects used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • variable span lengths<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • changing arch heights<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • embedded retaining walls<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • periodic stiffening chapels (the \u201cmysteries\u201d)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          The hillside is part of the structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n\n

          4. Earthquakes and Time Tested It \u2014 and It Passed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Bologna is in seismic Zone 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Yet these vaults survived:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • centuries of shaking<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • settlement<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • consolidation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • atmospheric erosion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Because masonry vaults have:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • redundancy<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • self-adjusting thrust paths<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • natural hysteretic damping<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • minimal tensile reliance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              They are nature-approved structures.<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
              \"\"
              Seismic force behaviour of vaults [Credits: Taylor and Francis]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              5. Repetition Isn\u2019t Decoration \u2014 It\u2019s Stability<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              The repeating arches create:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • uniform load distribution<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • predictable thrust patterns<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • equalized settlement behavior<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • reduced differential movement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Repetition is not aesthetic.
                It\u2019s engineering.<\/p>\n\n\n

                \n
                \"\"
                Portici di San Luca<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n

                What the Porticoes Really Taught Me About Engineering<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                During my master\u2019s at UniBo,
                I learned the theory of arches and vaults \u2014
                thrust lines, stability envelopes, compression behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                But walking under Bologna\u2019s porticoes every day
                taught me something the classroom never could.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                The porticoes showed me that stability is a conversation<\/strong>,
                not a fixed condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Each arch pushes.
                The next one resists.
                The entire sequence balances itself\u2014
                a chain of forces that survives because every part plays its role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                They taught me that geometry can be stronger than material<\/strong>,
                that repetition creates reliability,
                and that continuity \u2014 arch after arch after arch \u2014
                is what gives a structure the ability to age gracefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Most of all, they taught me that the best engineering
                is not loud or flashy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                It is quiet.
                Predictable.
                Honest.
                Like Bologna\u2019s arches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n

                These porticoes didn\u2019t just shelter me as a student \u2014
                they sharpened the way I understand structures.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                \n\n\n\n

                Why This City Still Walks With Me<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                Every time I design at Kousain<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • a retaining wall<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • an archway<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • a basement system<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • a vault<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • a long corridor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • a repetitive-frame structure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  some part of my mind returns to those arches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  To the rhythm.
                  The logic.
                  The stability.
                  The structural honesty of Bologna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  This city didn\u2019t just give me a degree.
                  It gave me intuition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  And intuition makes an engineer
                  more than equations ever could.<\/p>\n\n\n

                  \n
                  \"\"
                  Starting point of San Luca Portici<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
                  \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  The story of Bologna – Part II<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_maxi_custom_js_header":"","_maxi_custom_js_footer":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[13],"tags":[84,33,41,42,54,55,82,63],"class_list":["post-371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-structural-engineering","tag-bologna","tag-farhaan-zaidi-bhat","tag-kashmir","tag-kousain","tag-srinagar","tag-structural-engineering","tag-university-of-bologna","tag-zaidie-bhat"],"yoast_head":"\nBologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici - Kousain blogs - by Zaidie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici - Kousain blogs - by Zaidie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The story of Bologna - Part II\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kousain blogs - by Zaidie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-25T15:29:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM-683x1024.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"zaidiebhat31\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"zaidiebhat31\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"zaidiebhat31\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/257bd5c2c04cb36f8c998d04ba9e27f8\"},\"headline\":\"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-25T15:29:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":836,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Bologna\",\"Farhaan Zaidi Bhat\",\"Kashmir\",\"Kousain\",\"Srinagar\",\"Structural engineering\",\"University of Bologna\",\"Zaidie Bhat\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Structural engineering\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici - Kousain blogs - by Zaidie\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-25T15:29:15+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/257bd5c2c04cb36f8c998d04ba9e27f8\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kousain blogs - by Zaidie\",\"description\":\"www.kousain.com\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/257bd5c2c04cb36f8c998d04ba9e27f8\",\"name\":\"zaidiebhat31\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9851945af3c26b10a01e4af445ed28155887ff7e4d78b12d02650af9eb7480b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9851945af3c26b10a01e4af445ed28155887ff7e4d78b12d02650af9eb7480b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9851945af3c26b10a01e4af445ed28155887ff7e4d78b12d02650af9eb7480b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"zaidiebhat31\"},\"description\":\"Farhaan Zaidi Bhat is a Structural Engineer and the Founder of Kousain Private Limited, specializing in advanced structural analysis, seismic performance, and finite element analysis.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kousain.com\\\/blogs\\\/author\\\/zaidiebhat31\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici - Kousain blogs - by Zaidie","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici - Kousain blogs - by Zaidie","og_description":"The story of Bologna - Part II","og_url":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/","og_site_name":"Kousain blogs - by Zaidie","article_published_time":"2025-11-25T15:29:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":683,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM-683x1024.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"zaidiebhat31","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"zaidiebhat31","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/"},"author":{"name":"zaidiebhat31","@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/257bd5c2c04cb36f8c998d04ba9e27f8"},"headline":"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici","datePublished":"2025-11-25T15:29:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/"},"wordCount":836,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png","keywords":["Bologna","Farhaan Zaidi Bhat","Kashmir","Kousain","Srinagar","Structural engineering","University of Bologna","Zaidie Bhat"],"articleSection":["Structural engineering"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/","url":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/","name":"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici - Kousain blogs - by Zaidie","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png","datePublished":"2025-11-25T15:29:15+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/257bd5c2c04cb36f8c998d04ba9e27f8"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png","width":1024,"height":1536},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/bolognas-65-km-arteries-the-worlds-longest-portici\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bologna\u2019s 65 km Arteries: The World\u2019s Longest Portici"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/","name":"Kousain blogs - by Zaidie","description":"www.kousain.com","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/257bd5c2c04cb36f8c998d04ba9e27f8","name":"zaidiebhat31","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9851945af3c26b10a01e4af445ed28155887ff7e4d78b12d02650af9eb7480b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9851945af3c26b10a01e4af445ed28155887ff7e4d78b12d02650af9eb7480b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9851945af3c26b10a01e4af445ed28155887ff7e4d78b12d02650af9eb7480b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"zaidiebhat31"},"description":"Farhaan Zaidi Bhat is a Structural Engineer and the Founder of Kousain Private Limited, specializing in advanced structural analysis, seismic performance, and finite element analysis.","sameAs":["https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs"],"url":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/author\/zaidiebhat31\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Nov-19-2025-09_57_38-PM.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":389,"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371\/revisions\/389"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kousain.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}